Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) - Bermuda (2003)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003) z Bermuda (2003)

	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2003)	Bermuda (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	9 parishes and 2 municipalities; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick*
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%	0-14 years: 19.2% (male 6,195; female 6,205) 15-64 years: 69.3% (male 22,110; female 22,574) 65 years and over: 11.5% (male 3,215; female 4,183) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products	bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports	5 (2002)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)	-
Area	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands	total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut	about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.	Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population	12.13 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)	revenues: $609.5 million expenditures: $574.6 million, including capital expenditures of $54.8 million (FY 00/01)
Capital	Stanley	Hamilton
Climate	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate	subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline	1,288 km	103 km
Constitution	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998	8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands
Currency	Falkland pound (FKP)	Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population	7.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$145 million (FY 99/00)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	chief of mission: Consul General Denis Patrick COLEMAN, Jr. consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3 mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342 FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	$NA
Economy - overview	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.	Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, with its economy primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - has been severely hit as American tourists have chosen not to travel. Tourism rebounded somewhat in 2002, but remains below the pre-11 September level. Most capital equipment and food must be imported. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption	15.19 million kWh (2001)	598.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	16.33 million kWh (2001)	643.7 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster	asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Ethnic groups	British	black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.67 (2002), 0.69 (2001), 0.66 (2000), 0.62 (1999), 0.6 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound	Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002) head of government: Premier Alex SCOTT (since 24 July 2003) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	wool, hides, meat	reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners	Spain 76.2%, UK 9.2%, US 7.1% (2002)	France 77.4%, UK 2.8%, US 2.4% (2002)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT	red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2.25 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 1% industry: 10% services: 89% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $35,200 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	0.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	51 45 S, 59 00 W	32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season	consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)	total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing	machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners	UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002)	Kazakhstan 30.9%, France 24.7%, Italy 10.5%, US 9.7%, South Korea 8.4%, Mexico 4.3% (2002)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	fish and wool processing; tourism	tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	total: 9.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.77 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.6% (1998)	2.3% (July 2002)
International organization participation	ICFTU	Caricom (observer), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, WCO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	20 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force	1,100 (est.)	37,472 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)	clerical 22%, services 20%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, agriculture and fishing 3% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)	arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% other: 94% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
Languages	English	English (official), Portuguese
Legal system	English common law	English law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held NA July 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%; seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years	total population: 77.41 years male: 75.38 years female: 79.49 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina	North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references	South America	North America
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 93 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,993,227 GRT/7,089,760 DWT ships by type: bulk 25, cargo 4, chemical tanker 1, container 14, liquefied gas 9, passenger 5, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Greece 1, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Norway 2, Sweden 11, United Kingdom 52, United States 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force	no regular indigenous military forces; Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA	$4.028 million (January 2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%	0.11% (FY00/01)
National holiday	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)	Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island	noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards	strong winds persist throughout the year	hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss	limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population	2.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none; all independents	National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Chairman Wayne FURBERT]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [leader NA]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population	2,967 (July 2003 est.)	64,482 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	2.44% (2003 est.)	0.72% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Stanley note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988	Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	0 km	0 km
Religions	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist	non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries	general assessment: NA domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system international: 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)	3 (1997)
Terrain	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains	low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman	1.9 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	full employment; labor shortage	4.5% (1993)
Waterways	none	none

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